The Education System Must Be Redesigned - 1422 Words

During the first three decades of the twentieth century, the progressive era had catapulted curriculum theory into a field of scientific inquiry. Its structure had been differentiated and the curriculum content had been expanded. All changes were created to meet the demands of a newly industrialized and urbanized civilization, and as a result â€Å"scientific management† became the guide for the development and implementation of the new curriculum. Franklin Bobbitt, one of the 19th century front-runners of scientific curriculum, stated that if the scientific procedures utilized in factories could increase productivity and efficiency, the same procedures could be used to improve curriculum (Flinders Thornton, p. 8). Bobbitt believed that†¦show more content†¦Dewey as a humanist, declared that education should be culturally relevant, student-centered, and prepare children to become active citizens for a changing society. Humanists believe that all children have the abi lity to develop different levels of mental reasoning. Education should help them expand the development of their reasoning power to become independent thinkers and productive beings who could lead to the improvement of society as a whole. Despite all of these differences, Bobbitt and Dewey both agreed that some subjects were unnecessary and subject matter must have educational value and relevance to the student’s life. The biggest difference between the theories was that Dewey placed the focus of the curriculum on the child, while Bobbitt did not. John Dewey’s curriculum method allows children to develop a passion for learning and brings out their natural inquisitiveness. He believed the child needed to be involved in constructing their own learning, which meant they had the freedom to make inquiries and mistakes in the process of learning. Children’s active participation for acquiring knowledge was his philosophy and to be a critical being was his ultimate goa l. Dewey’s student-centered methods can still be seen in many of today’s schools across the nation. Unfortunately, because of education reforms, more schools have chosen to abandon student-centered strategies, instead teaching students testingShow MoreRelatedEssay E-Business1680 Words   |  7 PagesE-Business 1- Abstract 2- About E-Business 3- Advantages and Disadvantages 4- The impact if e-business on a typical business 5- What a company must do to transform its strategy when it decides to transform into e-business 6- Conclusion 7- References Abstract There is a misconception that e-Business simply means buying and selling products and services over the Internet. The broader view of e-Business focuses on the key processes that directly enhance revenue Ââ€" namely, customer acquisitionRead MoreThe Citizen Report (2007) attempted to analyze the progress towards realization of MDGs in the700 Words   |  3 Pagesgiven adequate attention. On the education front, the study suggested that efforts are required to make investments for schools so as to increase access to education system, provisioning of facilities in the school, proper implementation of various schemes like mid-day meal in schools to give boost to nutritional status of children and improve attendance in schools. Regular medical check-ups are also to be built into the system. To improve quality of school education, curriculum development requiresRead MoreThe Future Of Nursing : Leading Change1047 Words   |  5 Pagesexploit these opportunities and help in building a h ealth care system to meet the demand for quality, safe, patient centered, affordable and accessible care, while recognizing the limitations and demands of the current health care system. The committee also envision a future system that will make quality care accessible to the diverse population of United States. THE NEED FOR TRANSFORMATION OF NURSING PROFESSION The nursing profession must undergo a fundamental transformation if the committee’s visionRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The 1960 S1077 Words   |  5 Pageswas laws that enforced racial segregation more than a series of rigid anti-black laws it was like a way of life. Jim Crow in America hasn’t ended its merely redesigned and renamed. According to Ruben Santiago-Hudson he said â€Å"Even here in America, people are fighting for civil rights 45 years after the civil rights movement†. Even now this system if full with police brutality, less opportunities and more jail time for African Americans. The civil rights movement was a mass popular movement to secureRead MorePreparedness In Education805 Words   |  4 Pagesprison, where they will be fed and housed. Businesses that were too late to adopt AI get overshadowed by competitors and monopolies emerge. Riots break out on the streets as workers fight for their jobs, the welfare system collapses because of the surge in cost. The education system becomes even more selective as only highly desirable skill sets are needed, and thousands of students graduate and cant find a job. The 1% gets richer, as the world descends into chaos, not because AI took over, butRead MoreProfessional Dynamics922 Words   |  4 PagesImpact on the Future of Nursing from the 2010 IOM Report Marianne Green Grand Canyon University February 4, 2012 The Impact on the Future of Nursing from the 2010 IOM Report The impact of the 2010 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on nursing education has outlined the need for nurses with higher degrees due to the changes required in caring for a more diversified population. In the 21st century, health care challenges have shifted dramatically. The population of America is older and by the yearRead MoreNursing Is A Leader, And The Ways Nurses Essay981 Words   |  4 Pageshigher education and function leadership role to improve patient outcome. Nevertheless, IOM calls on nurses to take greater role in growing health care system. This paper will illustrate the impact of IOM report on nursing education, nursing practice, nurse’s role as a leader, and the ways nurses can change their practice to meet the IOM’s report goal. The education system is old. The baby boomers are growing old. To satisfy the health care needs of increasingly geriatric population, education systemRead MoreAre You Ready?1020 Words   |  5 Pagesthe health care delivery system is changing and as nurses we need to be ready. Health care will no longer be focused on the disease but more on the prevention of the disease and health promotion. Who better than nurses to be best positioned to fill such new and expanded roles as a consequence of this redesigned healthcare system? With further education we shall be better prepared to deliver safe, equitable, patient-centered, high quality health care services. Nurses must engage with the physiciansRead MoreFacebook s Social Reporting Tool1684 Words   |  7 Pageshandling reports located in three countries that speak over twenty-four languages. Because of their locations, there is around the clock global support available. Facebook has designed a dispute system that never sleeps, as the social network never sleeps. Facebook has already assessed and redesigned the social reporting tool. The language in the reporting prompts was made more colloquial throughout, and words like â€Å"report† were dropped. This was a change brought on after a focus group with 13-16Read More Religion in Public Schools Essay602 Words   |  3 PagesReligion in Public Schools Are you religious? Do you have children? What kind of environment would you like your child in while he/she is in school? A century ago, most of America’s public schools were religious schools. Over time the state has redesigned schools in order to make schools for all children and not alienate any students. The Supreme Court then accelerated the movement in 1962 when it declared that prayer in public schools was unconstitutional. Then one year later the court removed all

International Trade The United States - 1461 Words

Introduction In the recent years, business become more larger due to the advancement of technology, a renewed enthusiasm for entrepreneurship and a global sentiment that favors international trade to connect people, business and market. The economist emphasize about the international trade can increase the production of goods and service, increase the demand from the consumer in local or international, the diversification of goods and services and the stability in the supply and prices of goods and services. As a result, it becomes the main part of the international business and motivated countries to trade with borders. The United States implied the government intervention since the great depression through the financial sector rescue†¦show more content†¦The country can maximize their wealth by putting the resources in the most competitive industries. Government created comparative advantage rather than free trade because now easier moves the production processes and the machines into countries that can produce more goods (Yeager Tuereck, 1984). However, many countries now move to new trade theory suggests the ability firms to limit the number of competitors associated with economic scale (reduction of costs with a large scale of output) (Krugman, 1992). The comparative advantage occurs when two-way trade in identical products, it will useful where economic scale is important, but it will create problem with this model. As a result, government must intervene in international trade for protection to domestic firms (Krugman, 1990) Government intervention for protection of domestic producers The key important role of government intervene in international trade is interest to protect the domestic producers in their country. Political arguments concerned with protecting the interests of one group, which are producers often at the expense of another within a nation, which are consumers. First, government should protect jobs and

How does HG Wells build atmosphere of fear and show the young man reduced from self

How does HG Wells build atmosphere of fear and show the young man reduced from self-assurance to panic and terror Essay The Red Room was written by HG Wells in 1896. The Red Room, though features the common attributes of a horror story, such as the intent to unnerve the audience and the use of suspense, is considered a piece of gothic literature. The reason for bearing this classification lies within Wells choice to use a castle of gothic architecture and playing with the idea of supernatural existence. In this essay I aim to examine how H. G Wells builds atmosphere and how he changes the young mans attitude from confidence and assurance to panic and hysteria as the short-story progresses. Straight away, the title The Red Room looms. I feel that in the title, the most suggestive word is the adjective red. Red is a colour associated with things such as passion and blood. This therefore establishes a sinister tone for the story because of the implications within the title. Wells cleverly opens the text mid-scene with the words I can assure you, said I, that it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me. Opening the text mid-scene works well to quickly draw the reader into the writing, which is crucial for an opening within a text. Wells has also established numerous things within the opening sentence. He shows straight away that the story concerns ghosts as the man comments on a ghost. This sets the tone for the reader immediately and also sparks interest. The opening line shows that the story is written in the first person. I can see this from the narrator putting said I at the end of a speech. The use of first person in a ghost story means that the rest of the story shall be seen from their perspective. This will mean that the reader shall only be informed what the protagonist sees, not therefore allowing a balanced opinion of a third person observer but the emotion and view of the first person. Lastly, this opening sentence shows that the narrator is very confident. This is implied when the man says I can assure you. This confidence is implied through, it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me, that he either is not scared of ghosts or that he does not believe he will see one. The latter is confirmed later in the text when he says that, eight and twenty year said I, I have lived and never have I seen as yet. Wells builds up tension in this first section through the description of characters the man encounters and also his interaction between them. The reader finds that the three old people believe in ghosts within the building. We can see this from when the man tells them eight and twenty years said I I have lived, and never a ghost have I seen as yet. The old woman replies and eight and twenty years you have lived, and never have you seen the likes of this house. What she means is that it doesnt matter how long one has lived, until they have been in this building, they can never rule out the possibility of ghosts. The woman whilst saying this is described to be staring hard into the fire. Light is a reoccurring theme and a symbol of comfort and security. The woman may have been staring into the fire seeking comfort. The reader would then ask questions such as why does the woman need to seek comfort? What is it she is afraid of? The obvious conclusion for the audience would be to draw a connection between her staring into the fire, and the dialogue concerning ghosts which follows this description, and therefore believe that she is honestly scared of ghosts. If the reader feels that the characters are honestly convinced that ghosts exist within the house, tension is built. Wells realises this so uses other techniques such as repetition to build up this genuine fear of a ghost. Repetition is used as the man with the withered arm repeats on three occasions it is your own choosing. This implies that he wants to wash his hands of the matter. The audience gathers from this that the man with the withered arm seems to think if he goes to the room that night, something will surely happen to him. Once again, the reader becomes convinced from this fear that there is something to be scared of. The audience has to ask more questions, when they find that one of the three old people has a withered arm. Why is the arm withered? Does this have anything to do with the ghost? The last character to be introduced is also deformed somewhat as he is described to have yellow teeth and be wrinkled. Though these may just be characteristics of an elderly person, the audience, having already been told of the two other strange people, may not believe that it is a coincidence that they are all strange in appearance. This mysterious atmosphere brought upon the reader is continued as Wells describes the room. The first person believes himself to have abbreviated and broadened to an impossible sturdiness in the queer old mirror. It could be that the old people have unnerved him slightly. The mirror is described as queer. This means that he feels it is strange. Imperfections in the house as well as in the old people continue to build tension. Wells continues describing imperfections in the house to create suspense and make the reader ask more and more questions. He uses onomatopoeia when he describes that the door creaked on its hinges. The word creaked as the imperative creates a dramatic focus on the word, making the reader think of its meaning or purpose. The fact that the door creaked implies that it has been given a lack of attention. Could the rest of the house be deformed in such a way? The creak also creates a haunted atmosphere Wells however, in this section, shows the man still to be confident and reassured. He shows this on numerous occasions. This is the case when the first person describes the old people as talking with droning insistence. The word droning makes us feel that someone is talking slowly, with a low dreary pitch. Conan Doyle EssayThough this is not possible, it shows that the man is increasingly aware of the darkness. Perhaps in the quote, Wells plays on the idea of darkness representing fear, therefore the mans fear is actually growing, not the darkness. The reader at this point, having viewed the entire story from his perspective, would share in his fear. The fear drives the man to do strange things. This is seen as he describes himself pulling up an armchair which he said was like setting up a barricade. A barricade is usually used in war. This shows that the first person is becoming so fearful he is sub-consciously preparing for a skirmish. He becomes ever more wary of the possibility of a ghost as he mentions frequently not only the shadows of the room shifting and stirring (these are words which could be used to describe ghosts) but he also begins to think of actual ghosts. He explains that he tries to reassure himself of the impossibility of ghosts and the legend of the place. This shows he is becoming paranoid of ghosts and the legend. His behaviour becomes more extreme as his belief in the ghosts does. He tries to rid the room of darkness, and so goes to get candles from the hall and returned with as many as ten. This bizarre behaviour created by the writer builds up the reader to thinking: why is the character so intense that he needs to resolve to such behaviour? This is exactly what the woman was doing at the very beginning of the story: using the light of the fire as security. It could be argued the man would no longer feel the womans actions to be strange, but understandable. H. G Wells begins to build up to the climax when the first candle goes out. The first candle to go out was in the alcove: this would have confirmed to the audience and to the man that there was a ghost. The reason for this being that there are references throughout the story of the darkness in the alcove of the red room. Wells confirms the readers suspicions. I simply turned and saw that the darkness was there, as one might start and see the unexpected presence of a stranger. The word presence and stranger shows that the man is thinking that there is a presence in the room. As another candle goes out, he describes it as a companion of another candle which went out. This personification implies more than one ghost. The man becomes ever more scared as the candles all begin to go out. This is seen as Wells describes him as talking half-hysterical. This shows he is no longer in control of himself. This is confirmed as the writer describes that his hands trembled as trembling is an uncontrollable shake. The tremble also shows the level of fear as people tremble when they are scared. This builds up the tension as by this point, ghosts feel a certainty, and the reader is asking what will happen next. The man gets more and more frantic. He reveals that at that point, fear had overtaken him when he admits self-possession deserted me. The reader would be wondering how he would cope without his control of himself at this point, building tension. The relaxed confident man originally seen has now left. Wells depicts him to be in a state of madness and that he is out of control. He explains that the man sent a chair headlong stumbled. His madness is climaxed when he says crushed the last vestige of reason. This means he no longer had any reasoning with the ghosts anymore. The vestige of reason he lost must have made him lose memory also as he no longer recollects his exact movements. He outlines vague movements of what happened. These all involved him moving and then hurting himself. We can see an example of this when he said I had forgotten the exact position of the door, and struck heavily against the corner of the bead. The tension is increased further as Wells omits detailed description which up to this point, the story had been plentiful. The omission of description quickens the pace in which it is read, making the reader even tenser and wondering what will happen next. The only description seems to be of the mans madness. These include frantic wild and crying. Just when the audience feels that the man could go to the same ending the legend describes, as the tension is brought to a peak climax, Wells brings the story to a dramatic climax. He establishes that the man could remember no more and then brings the story to his sick bed. The old people, having found him in a bad state, assume he would conclude the ghosts are real. The man however surmises that men fear nakedness fear that will not have light nor sound that will not bear reason. This means that humans imaginations may jump to conclusions when they fear. Wells has used techniques of all descriptions: metaphors, similes, sentence structure and personification. All of which have proved successful to build up tension. Wells especially has created a sense of mystery, constantly making the reader ask themselves questions. I enjoyed the way he used short sentence structure to build up to the climax, making me read quicker and become even more enthralled with the story. I believe that Wells has successfully captivated the reader and built up tension through these techniques. He has also been successful in subtly and believably changing the protagonist from being confident and then reduced to panic.

Price Elascity of Demand free essay sample

Price Elascity of Demand BY vtc901ee The price elasticity of demand (PED) is a measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in price of the good (Mankiw 2007, p. 90). It is a form of measure to determine how willing consumers are to move away from the good as the price of the good rises. Most of the time, there are factors that determines the PED, such as availability of close substitutes, necessities versus luxuries, definition of the market and time horizon. In order to calculate the PED, a formula is calculated using the percentage change in the quantity demanded divided y the percentage change in the price. Elastic demand that has the coefficient of greater than 1 suggests that there would be a significant change in quantity demanded when there is a little change in price while inelastic demand has a coefficient of less than one, which has a little change in quantity demanded even when there is a significant change in price. Unitary demand occurs when there is a coefficient of exactly one and there is an exact change in quantity demanded in proportion to the change in price (Bolotta et al. 2002). There are two ways to calculate the PED. Firstly, it is called the point method or also nown as geometrical method (DEISU 2008). Under this method, we measure the elasticity of demand at any point of a demand curve using the formula, Elasticity at any point on the straight line can be calculated using the point method provided that the demand line is linear. The better way to calculate the PED is by using the midpoint method, which is to calculate the PED between two points on a demand curve by averaging the 2 initial and final points chosen. The midpoint approach averages the prices and quantities demanded, thus arriving at an average elasticity estimate for the range of values covered on the demand curve. The formula is, The product that is chosen to explain the theory of PED is rice. Rice is one of the perfect examples of inelastic demand applied in todays world, especially in Malaysia. There was an interesting finding made by Nik Mustapha and other researchers, where they find that rice tends to be inelastic, showing that rice has already occupied a special position in Malaysian diet as it is a staple food among the population (FEMI-JPM 2008). Other countries in Asia are also affected by the demand for rice. In Thailand, the export price elasticity of demand for rice is ranged -1. 2 and -1. 9, which shows that it is an inelastic demand (FEMI-JPM 2008). The graph would be similar to Figure 3, whereby it has a steeper slope. This indicates that the consumer would pay at almost any price set in the market for the good as it is a necessity in food for them. The PED of the rice is important in terms of their pricing decisions as the total revenue can change along the demand curve, and this in return depends on the PED. In this case, rice is considered to be inelastic, and for all inelastic demands, an increase in price will have an increase in total revenue (Mankiw 2007, p. 95). However, this is also crucial in determining the maximum profit that can be made using the PED. If all the farmers have good harvest, a large drop in price is necessary to encourage consumers to use the additional grain (Ingrimayne. com) this will cause the farmers income to decrease, thus it is important to know the PED of the rice. For instance, if the quantity of rice increases by 20%, it means that there could be a decrease of price by 40%. In explaining on how the tax being imposed by the government can affects the production of rice, a fully labelled market diagram for rice (inelastic demand) is illustrated. Consumer surplus is the extra amount consumers are willing to pay from the ctual price whereas producer surplus is the amount sellers are paid for a good minus the sellers cost of providing it (Mankiw 2007, pp. 139-144). Before the government impose tax on rice, consumer surplus and producer surplus are determined by equilibrium of price in the market. By imposing the tax on rice, the quantity of rice sold falls and there is a wedge between the price that buyers pay and the price that sellers receive. Both surpluses are reduced because there is tax revenue imposed by the government, resulting in a deadweight loss, a condition where a fall in surplus exceeds tax revenue, a form of market distortion (Mankiw 007, p. 162). These tax revenues are classified as government revenue. Government revenue may differ depending on the size of the tax, as different tax size generates different tax revenue. Since an inelastic demand decreases the quantity produced by a little, it can be assumed that the deadweight loss is also smaller, causing the tax revenue to increase slightly, as shown in Figure 10. Next, we will discuss the tax burden of the production of rice. Tax incidence is the distribution of tax burden among the participants in the market. In the rice market, taxes imposed on the buyers and the sellers are the same no matter whether the tax s charged on buyers or sellers, but the only difference is that who will send the money to the government (Mankiw 2007, pp. 24-127). To prove that, the following are the examples when a tax is charged on either buyers or sellers: The overall social welfare will be clearly shown once the effects of tax have on the quantity and price of the product, as the change in the total welfare decreases the consumer surplus and producer surplus, and usually exceeds the tax revenue raised maximised as there is deadweight loss incurred in the process of taxation, causing the quantity of goods decrease

Advances in mobile phone app development and their relevance for social entrepreneurs The WritePass Journal

Advances in mobile phone app development and their relevance for social entrepreneurs Abstract Advances in mobile phone app development and their relevance for social entrepreneurs ).   Mobile technologies offer hold great prospect in providing the poor with accessibility to public and private services. Although a large number of these subscribers use mobile phones mainly for voice and texting purposes, social entrepreneurs can use its platform to develop a wide range of applications for delivering a broad set of services. Social entrepreneurs can collaborate with a wide range of service providers to launch such applications. This study looks at the prospects of using mobile phone platforms and applications for social entrepreneurship. It will present a literature review which will elaborate the concept of social entrepreneurship and provide examples of various mobile phone applications currently being used for social entrepreneurship. Using a case study approach, this study will then assess a social entrepreneurship initiative in Kenya named ‘M-PESA’. The findings this study will analyze the relevance of mobile technologies in creating social va lue. It will be followed by the analysis of the findings and some recommendations. Literature Review Social entrepreneurs are those that act as â€Å"change agents in the social sectors by adopting and working towards a mission that creates and sustain social not private value, by identifying new opportunities to serve the mission, by involving themselves completely in the process of continuous innovation, adaption and learning, by exhibiting a bold behaviour by not being limited to the current available resources and showing a great sense of responsibility and accountability for the set outcomes and goals†Ã‚   (Dees, 1998). Due to the widespread prevalence of mobile technologies among the mass population in both developed and developing societies, it can play a critical role in assisting social entrepreneurs in confirming to the aforementioned characteristics. Multidisciplinary research on using mobile applications for social entrepreneurship and its impact in delivering benefit to the mass population is at an emerging stage (Karippacheril, et al. 2013). It highlights the po tential of using mobile technologies and application â€Å"for social and economic empowerment, ethnographic, anthropological and telecommunications aspects†. Academic literature mobile phone application largely focuses upon the acceptance, use and impact of mobile services (Andonova, 2006; Donner, 2008; Garbacz Thompson, 2007; Minges, 1999). Numerous studies have shown that mobile phone applications can significantly affect the economic and social life of people living at the base of the economic pyramid (BOP). For instance, a five- year study in India proves that mobile phone application can be used to increase the efficiencies of market, reduce price dispersion and minimize price fluctuations among fishermen (Abraham, 2008; Jensen, 2007). Likewise, another study shows that mobile phone coverage was linked with a 10% increase in the farmer’s market participation rate in Uganda. The same effect was greater for the farmer living in isolated communities away from district centres (Muto Yamano, 2009). Similarly, mobile phones usage in Niger by grain traders reduced its price dispersion by 10% (Aker, 2008). Similar results were observed for the over farming households in rural Tanzania (Souter, McKemey, Scott, 2005). Mobile phones are particularly important in enhancing the lives of rural poor and generally for impr oving the lives of masses because it breaks down the two primary elements of the digital divide; poverty and isolation (Navas Sabater, Dymond, Juntunen, 2002). Pertaining to the platform theory, mobile phones provide platforms (both feature and smart phones) are vital for local providers, developers and social entrepreneurs in creating services that can be made available to a wide population in a trouble-free and affordable way. The goal of social entrepreneurs is to assess how these application platforms can be used in an innovative way to bridge access to the service gap for mass population. Research Question and Method This paper focuses on the advances in mobile phone application development and their relevance for social entrepreneurs. It research questions are: Are the advances in mobile phone platform/applications relevant for social entrepreneurs? How can mobile application be used to by social entrepreneurs to create and sustain a social value? How effective are mobile phone platform/applications in enabling the identification of new opportunities and continuous innovation in serving the social objective? This study assesses how mobile phone platforms and applications are been used by social entrepreneurs to bridge the access to the services gap especially for the communities living at the base of the economic pyramid. This study aims to collect and analyze information regarding M-PESA initiative in Kenya to achieve its research goal. The research can opt for either of the two popular research approaches for this purpose. If the researcher wishes to get a broad and representative data, he/she can opt for a survey approach; while for getting in-depth understanding of a particular situation, case study approach is most suitable (Fisher, 2004). Fisher contends that although â€Å"case studies inevitably lose their representativeness, the power of case study just lies in its capacity to provide insights and resonance for the reader, and it is not true to claim that case studies lack generalisability† (Fisher, 2004, p52). Moreover, generalisability of case studies is deemed more valuable and insightful when it is about organizational processes and business strategies (Tony, 1994 cited in Fisher, 2004). Indeed case studies can be used as experiments to test a theory and if a case study shows a the ory to be untrue, the rejection of the theory can be generalized (Yin, 1994). Considering the scope and purpose of this essay, which is essentially focused on a particular application/platform or business situation, case study method is deemed as most appropriate. Analysis and Results M-PESA is a social entrepreneurial initiative which provides mobile money transfer service. It was launched in Kenya in 2007. Plyler et al, (2010) describe M-PESA as â€Å"an agent-assisted, mobile phone-based, person-to-person payment and money transfer system, was launched in Kenya on March 6, 2007M-PESA an agent-assisted, mobile phone-based, person-to-person payment and money transfer system†. Its social objective is to facilitate financial transactions for those who do not possess a bank account in Kenya. M-PESA allows users to store money on their mobile phones in an e-account and deposit or withdraw money in the form of hard currency at one of M-PESA’s numerous agent locations (Plyler et al, 2010). It does not pay interest on deposits, nor does it make loans (GSMA, 2010). According to Safaricom, the company behind this initiative, there are as many as 9.7 million 30-day active customers currently registered with the company in Kenya (Levin, 2012). Overall, company has 15 million Kenyan registered. M-PESA service facilitates an incredible $1.4 billion USD in payment ever month (Leishman, 2012). M-PESA Technology M-PESA is delivered through a Sim Toolkit (STK) technology which is part of the GSM standard and can work on almost every mobile phone available in the market. It is vital that this service is based on STK technology as advance applications requiring an operating system platform available in smartphones would render this service ineffective due to the inaccessibility of smartphone technology to the wide Kenyan population. With STK, this application can be stored on a SIM card which can be accessed through a phone’s menu. With this, the application is highly secured unlike other internet enabled applications. It does not require SIM card to be swapped (GSMA, 2009). M-PESA service accepts cash deposits from customers having a Safaricom SIM card and resgistred with M-PESA as a user. Resgistration process is simple as it only requires any official identity document such as national ID card or a passport. In exchange for the cash deposit, the service offers a commodity called ‘e-float’, which is measured in the same unit as money and held under the account of the depositor. These e-floats can be transferred to another user, who can redeem it in cash from any M-PESA service agent. The withdrawals are charged by the company at 40 US cents flat rate. Due to the widespread prevalence of this service, e-floats are widely used as an alternative to cash payments in Kenya (Jack and Suri, 2010). The success of this service has led to the emergence of several similar services in Tanzania, Zambia (GSMA, 2009) among various other developing countries. Research indicates that M-PESA has had an overwhelming impact â€Å"in reducing the cost, time and security issues of sending money to family members, receiving payments and improving efficiency for small businesses in the informal sector† (Reid, 2012). Over the years, the ease of money transactions facilitated by M-PESA has had a significant positive impact upon: food security; by impacting upon the local agricultural production, increasing the purchasing power of consumer’s, food availability water security; by impacting upon agricultural productivity and business expansion overall community; in terms of local economic expansion, security, capital accumulation and business environment (see GSMA, 2010 for details) The provision of M-PESA service was enabled by the mobile phone technology platform and its success was partly due to the prevailing widespread use of the mobile phones in Kenya. It is vital that this service is based on STK technology as advance applications requiring an operating system platform available in smart phone would render this service ineffective due to the inaccessibility of smart phone technology to the wide Kenyan population. In context of the platform theory, the enablement of this social entrepreneurship through the STK technology confirms the relevance of mobile phone applications as a platform in creating innovative solutions for the society. Discussion and Implications Referring back to the research questions, the findings of this study confirm the significant relevance of mobile phone platforms and application for social entrepreneurship. The impact of M-PESA upon the Kenyan rural communities and people living at the base of economic pyramid affirms this contention. Moreover, the usage of this application by 15 million people, and the amount of economic activity being performed over it shows that this mode of service is reliable and creates sustainable social value for the users. The rise of such applications in various other developing countries also affirms the contention that mobile application enables the identification of new opportunities and continuous innovation in serving the social objective. It should be noted that the success story of M-PESA does not necessarily imply that every other social entrepreneurial initiative using mobile phone application will be as successful as this. This study is limited in its scope in that it does not detail the particular factors that contributed towards the success of this social entrepreneur initiative. Conclusion and Recommendations Mobile phone application offers an effective means of creating social value through innovative and sustainable solutions and services to people living at the base of economic pyramid. The low-cost of handsets and increasing penetration of mobile phone networks across the globe provides millions of people who do not have regular access to computer based information technologies or fixed-line telephones to communicate and transfer data through mobile phone applications. M-PESA is an exemplary social entrepreneurial initiative which uses mobile phone application platform to enable more than 15 million users in Kenya to transfer money electronically without having a bank account.   The ease of financial transactions has triggered numerous social and economical benefits to poor masses. Based on the finding of this research, this study proposed several recommendations for making a social entrepreneurial initiative successful through the use of mobile application. These are: A social entrepreneur planning to launch a mobile application service should build a clear proposition for potential users. For instance, in the case of M-PESA, there was a well established urban-rural remittance corridor in Kenya which was further enhanced by Safaricom through this mobile application A social entrepreneur should carefully consider the unique country context in creating a tailored mobile application solution for potential users. M-PESA application was developed using STK technology considering the demographics of the population. The service also integrated with the existing remittance stream (service agents) which led to its widespread acceptance. References Abraham,R. (2008). Mobile phones and economic development: Evidence from the fishing industry in India. Information Technologies and International Development, 4(1), 5–17. Andonova, V. (2006).Mobile phones, the Internet and the institutional environment Telecommunications Policy, 30(1), 29–45. Bruin, A. and Dupuis, A (2003). Entrepreneurship:  New Perspectives in a Global Age. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Dees, J. G., Emerson, J. Economy, P. (2001) Enterprising Non-profits: A Toolkit for Social Entrepreneurs. New York: Wiley Sons, Inc. Donner, J. (2008). Research approaches to mobile use in the developing world: A review of the literature. The Information Society, 24(3), 140–159. Fisher, C. (2004), Researching and Writing a Dissertation – For Business Students, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Garbacz,C.,Thompson,H.G.,Jr.(2007).Demand for telecommunication services in developing countries. Telecommunications Policy, 31(5), 276–289. GSMA. (2009) Mobile Money for the Unbanked. Annual Report 2009 GSMA. (2010) Mobile Money for the Unbanked. What Makes a Successful Mobile Money Implementation? Learnings from M-PESA in Kenya and Tanzania Jack. W. And Suri, T. (2010) The  Economics  of  M†PESA. Available from gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/economics_MPESA.pdf (cited on 4th, April, 2013) Jensen,R.(2007).Thedigitalprovide:Information(technology),marketperformance,andwelfareintheSouthIndianfisheriessector. Quarterly Journalof Economics, 122(3), 879–924. Minges, M.(1999).Mobile cellular communications in the Southern African region. Telecommunications Policy, 23(7), 585–593. Navas-Sabater, J., Dymond, A., Juntunen, N. (2002). Telecommunications and information services for the poor: Towards universal access. World Bank discussion paper no. 432. Available from  Ã‚   /http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/05/03/000094946_ 02041804225061/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdfS. Plyler, M., Hass. S., and Nagarajan, G. (2010) Community-Level Economic Effects of M-PESA in Kenya: Initial Findings. Financial Service Assessment. Available from gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Community-Level-Economic-Effects-of-M-PESA-in-Kenya.pdf (cited on 4th March, 2013) Souter, D., McKemey, K., Scott, N. (2005). The economic impact of telecommunications on rural livelihoods and poverty reduction. DFID. Yin, R.K. (1994), Case Study Research – Design and Method, 2nd ed., Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

Free Essays on Inherit The Wind

In 1955, Laurence and Lee wrote Inherit the Wind to emphasize Conflicts that arose during the Scopes Trial and the McCarthy era. They illustrated these themes/conflicts by manipulating the events of the Scopes trial and creating characters that effectively convey the themes. Although the Scopes trial already on its own conveys conflicts suck as: Science Vs. Faith but Laurence and Lee manipulated the story to convey an even bigger theme of Acceptance vs. Fundamentalism. In Dayton where the actual Scopes trial took place the towns people where slightly different from what the authors had made them, for example a quote from an article says, â€Å"The people of Dayton were portrayed as charming, friendly, polite, and open-minded, and the atmosphere throughout the trial was festive and circus-like.† In contrast to what is says above, the towns people of Hillsboro were the exact opposite of what the article says on the citizens of Dayton. They are narrow minded and inscrutable in their actions. By manipulating the plot of the Scopes trial this way, the playwrights emphasize the fact that people are would benefit from being more accepting of other cultures, rather than have strict fundamentalism values. The consequences of not being accepting are r ecognized at the end when all said is done and the town of Hillsboro looks like a joke to the rest of the world. Not only the towns people portrayed fundamentalist values, but Laurence and Lee chose to give the towns priest, Reverend Brown, strict fundamentalist values as well. This is shown in Act Two, Scene One, when Brown is preaching during the meeting where he says, â€Å"Lord we call down the same curse on these who ask grace on this sin though they be blood of my blood and flesh of my flesh.†(Pg #66, Lee, Laurence) Here we see the Reverend basically stating his beliefs are so strong that he is willing to wish an eternity of hell upon his own daughter. Furthermore, from the precedin... Free Essays on Inherit The Wind Free Essays on Inherit The Wind Inherit the Wind SUMMARY Inherit the Wind, published by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee, is a dramatized account of an actualized trial called the Scopes â€Å"Monkey Trial†. The play takes place during the hot July summer, in a small town named Hillsboro. In the first act, the major characters are introduced. Bertram Cates, a schoolteacher in Hillsboro, has taught his kids about Charles Darwin’s Origins of the Species even though it’s against the law to teach evolution in the state. Being the Fundamentalist town that it is, the people of Hillsboro have decided to prosecute Cates who believes that evolution is the truth. Matthew Harrison Brady, a politician and lawyer, comes into town to prosecute for the state against Cates. He is well respected and even honored with a parade and picnic when he arrives in Hillsboro. E.K. Hornbeck, a reporter for the Baltimore Herald comes into town to cover the Cates trial. He feels that the people are backwards and even make fun of the town calling it â€Å"†¦Heavenly Hillsboro. The buckle on the Bible belt†(13). Henry Drummond, the defense attorney for Cates and also a former friend of Brady, comes into town unwanted and unwelcomed. He is described as â€Å"A vicious, godless man!†(24). And is personified as the Devil himself. All the people of Hillsboro give their support to Brady and ignore Drummond. Cates seems to be abandoned by those that knew him and is treated badly. He remains in a cell while he awaits his trial. Throughout the trial, Brady constantly objects Drummond when he calls for his witnesses and sustained by the judge. Brady holds a standing ground until Drummond calls him to the stand and makes a fool out of him. At the end, Cates is found guilty and is only fined $100. The defense team loses the case but gains a respect from the people. Brady dies later on that day and Hornbeck says that he â€Å"died of a busted belly†(112). However, Drummond, his oppo... Free Essays on Inherit the Wind In 1955, Laurence and Lee wrote Inherit the Wind to emphasize Conflicts that arose during the Scopes Trial and the McCarthy era. They illustrated these themes/conflicts by manipulating the events of the Scopes trial and creating characters that effectively convey the themes. Although the Scopes trial already on its own conveys conflicts suck as: Science Vs. Faith but Laurence and Lee manipulated the story to convey an even bigger theme of Acceptance vs. Fundamentalism. In Dayton where the actual Scopes trial took place the towns people where slightly different from what the authors had made them, for example a quote from an article says, â€Å"The people of Dayton were portrayed as charming, friendly, polite, and open-minded, and the atmosphere throughout the trial was festive and circus-like.† In contrast to what is says above, the towns people of Hillsboro were the exact opposite of what the article says on the citizens of Dayton. They are narrow minded and inscrutable in their actions. By manipulating the plot of the Scopes trial this way, the playwrights emphasize the fact that people are would benefit from being more accepting of other cultures, rather than have strict fundamentalism values. The consequences of not being accepting are r ecognized at the end when all said is done and the town of Hillsboro looks like a joke to the rest of the world. Not only the towns people portrayed fundamentalist values, but Laurence and Lee chose to give the towns priest, Reverend Brown, strict fundamentalist values as well. This is shown in Act Two, Scene One, when Brown is preaching during the meeting where he says, â€Å"Lord we call down the same curse on these who ask grace on this sin though they be blood of my blood and flesh of my flesh.†(Pg #66, Lee, Laurence) Here we see the Reverend basically stating his beliefs are so strong that he is willing to wish an eternity of hell upon his own daughter. Furthermore, from the precedin...

Finance Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance Report - Essay Example ompany is dealing in groceries, wine, clothing, entertainment and books, phone shop, banking and insurance, Tesco magazine, flower market and online business of shopping from their stores. There is a wide range of products and services that Tesco deals in through renowned brands and their own private level brands (Tesco PLC, â€Å"TESCO†). ASDA Group Limited, BP Plc, The Big Food Group Plc, J. Sainsbury plc, Marks and Spencer Group plc, Carrefour S.A., ExxonMobil Corporation, Royal Dutch/Shell Group, Safeway Inc, Safeway plc, Booker Cash & Carry Limited, Somerfield, Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC, ALDI Group, SPAR Handels-Aktiengesellschaft, The Boots Group PLC, The Carphone Warehouse Group PLC and John Lewis Partnership plc (Datamonitor, â€Å"Tesco PLC†). Tesco has a policy of gratifying experience and talent and stimulates motivations in terms of incentives for offering greater development and high returns for shareholders (Tesco PLC, â€Å"Summary Report of the Directors on Remuneration†). The group has a five-year progressing business plan to sustain the delivery of its approach of long-term expansion and income for shareholders. Tesco functions with a balanced scorecard approach that is acknowledged within the Tesco group. This connects the group’s resources regarding operations, community, finance and consumers (Tesco PLC, â€Å"Internal Control & Risk Management†). The business processes of Tesco and systems that are utilized for in-store planning in the UK are selected and decided by the Tesco executives as a part of global standardisation program. The operations and business processes that are in other countries are structured by the developers. The business requirements are drafted by Tesco UK and other stores of Tesco need to implement it (Computer Weekly, â€Å"Tescos IT Standardisation Paves Way for Global Expansion†). To plan and control the activities of the organisation, management accounting provides information in an appropriate way that helps